![]() Fertilizer costs are often the second largest variable input after seed in rain-fed agricultural systems. Manufacturing N fertilizer is an energy-intensive process 4 and the production of P from mineral sources may peak as early as 2030 5. Today these three crops account for approximately one half of the total harvested staple crop area and total global calorie production as well as greater than one half of total global fertilizer consumption. From 1960 to 2014, the amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer applied worldwide increased nine- and five-fold, respectively 1, 2, 3. These yield increases resulted from both breeding and greater availability and application of fertilizer. ![]() Among domesticated grasses, the yields of three crops dramatically increased as part of the green revolution: rice ( Oryza sativa), wheat ( Triticum aestivum) and maize ( Zea mays). Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 7731 ( 2022)ĭomesticated crops from the grass family provide, directly or indirectly, the majority of the total calories consumed by humans around the globe. Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass
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